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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2009, p. 2934-2943, Vol. 191, No. 9
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00892-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Inferring Population Structure{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Sabine Kaiser,1,2 Klaus Biehler,1 and Daniel Jonas1*

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Freiburg,1 Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany2

Received 30 June 2008/ Accepted 16 February 2009

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic, highly resistant, and ubiquitous pathogen. Strains have been assigned to genogroups using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Hence, isolates of environmental and clinical origin predominate in different groups. A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed using a highly diverse selection of 70 strains of various ecological origins from seven countries on all continents including strains of the 10 previously defined genogroups. Sequence data were assigned to 54 sequence types (ST) based on seven loci. Indices of association for all isolates and clinical isolates of 2.498 and 2.562 indicated a significant linkage disequilibrium, as well as high congruence of tree topologies from different loci. Potential recombination events were detected in one-sixth of all ST. Calculation of the mean divergence between and within predicted clusters confirmed previously defined groups and revealed five additional groups. Consideration of the different ecological origins showed that 18 out of 31 respiratory tract isolates, including 12 out of 19 isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, belonged to genogroup 6. In contrast, 16 invasive strains isolated from blood cultures were distributed among nine different genogroups. Three genogroups contained isolates of strictly environmental origin that also featured high sequence distances to other genogroups, including the S. maltophilia type strain. On the basis of this MLST scheme, isolates can be assigned to the genogroups of this species in order to further scrutinize the population structure of this species and to unravel the uneven distribution of environmental and clinical isolates obtained from infected, colonized, or CF patients.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology at the University Medical Centre Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115 b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Phone: 49 761 270 8273. Fax: 49 761 270 8203. E-mail: daniel.jonas{at}uniklinik-freiburg.de

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 February 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

Journal of Bacteriology, May 2009, p. 2934-2943, Vol. 191, No. 9
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00892-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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