JB Accepts, published online ahead of print on 22 September 2006
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J. Bacteriol. doi:10.1128/JB.00935-06
Copyright (c) 2006, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of myo-Inositol Utilization by Corynebacterium glutamicum: The Stimulon, Identification of Transporters, and Influence on L-Lysine Formation

Eva Krings, Karin Krumbach, Brigitte Bathe, Ralf Kelle, Volker F. Wendisch, Hermann Sahm, and Lothar Eggeling*

Institute of Biotechnology, Research Centre Juelich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany, Degussa R & D Feed Additives/Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1112, D-33788 Halle, Germany, Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: l.eggeling{at}fz-juelich.de.


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Abstract

Although numerous bacteria possess genes annotated "iol" in their genome, there have been very few studies on the possibly associated myo-inositol metabolism and its significance for the cell. We found that Corynebacterium glutamicum utilizes myo-inositol as a carbon and energy source enabling proliferation with a high maximum rate of 0.35 h-1. Whole genome DNA microarray analysis revealed that 31 genes respond to myo-inositol utilization, with 21 of them being localized in 2 clusters of > 14 kb. A set of genomic mutations and functional studies yielded the result that some genes in the 2 clusters are redundant, and only cluster I is necessary for catabolizing the polyol. There are three genes which encode carriers belonging to the major facilitator superfamily and which exhibit a > 12-fold increased mRNA level on myo-inositol. As revealed by mutant characterizations, one carrier is not involved in myo-inositol uptake, whereas the other two are active, and can completely replace each other with an apparent Km for myo-inositol as substrate of 0.20 mM and 0.45 mM, respectively. Interestingly, upon utilization of myo-inositol the L-lysine yield (mol/mol) is 0.10 as opposed to 0.30 with glucose as substrate. This is probably not only due to myo-inositol metabolism alone since a mixture of 187 mM glucose and 17 mM myo-inositol, where the polyol only contributes 8% of total carbon, reduced the L-lysine yield by 29%. Moreover, genome comparisons with other bacteria highlight the core genes required for growth on myo-inositol whose metabolism is still weakly defined.




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