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J. Bacteriol. doi:10.1128/JB.01405-06
Copyright (c) 2006, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of two sets of sub-polar flagella in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan; CREST "Soft Nano-Machine Project", Innovation Plaza Hiroshima, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-0046 Japan; Institut für Genetik, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 10, D-01069 Dresden, Germany

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: aizawa{at}pu-hiroshima.ac.jp.

	Abstract

Bradyrhizobium japonicum is one of the soil bacteria that form nodules on soybean roots. The cell has two sets of flagellar systems, one thick flagellum and a few thin flagella, uniquely growing at sub-polar positions. The thick flagellum appears semi-coiled in morphology and the thin flagella were in a tight-curly form as observed by dark-field microscopy. Flagellin genes were identified from the amino acid sequence of each flagellin. Flagellar genes for the thick flagellum are scattered into several clusters on the genome, while those genes for the thin flagellum are compactly organized in one cluster. Both types of flagella are powered by proton-driven motors. The swimming propulsion is mainly supplied by the thick flagellum. B. japonicum flagellar systems resemble the polar-lateral flagellar systems of Vibrio species but differ in several aspects.

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