A set of activators and repressors control peripheral glucose pathways in Pseudomonas putida to yield a common central intermediate

Department of Environmental Protection, Estación del Zaidín, E-18008 Granada, Spain; Unidad Asociada de Contaminación Atmosférica, CSIC-Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jlramos{at}eez.csic.es.

	Abstract

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 channels glucose to the central Entner-Doudoroff intermediate 6-phosphogluconate through three convergent pathways. The genes for these convergent pathways are clustered in three independent regions on the host chromosome. A number of monocistronic units and operons coexist within each of these clusters, favouring co-expression of catabolic enzymes and transport systems. Expression of the three pathways is mediated by three transcriptional repressors, HexR, GnuR and PtxS, and by a positive transcriptional regulator, GltR-2. In this study we generated mutants in each of the regulators and carried out transcriptional assays using microarrays and transcriptional fusions. These studies revealed that HexR controls the genes that encode glucokinase/glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase that yield 6-phosphogluconate, the genes for the Entner-Doudoroff enzymes that yield glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate, and gap-1, which encodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. GltR-2 is the transcriptional regulator that controls specific porins for the entry of glucose into the periplasmic space, as well as the gtsABCD operon for glucose transport through the inner membrane. GnuR is the repressor of gluconate transport and gluconokinase responsible for the conversion of gluconate into 6-phosphogluconate. PtxS, however, controls the enzymes for oxidation of gluconate to 2-ketogluconate, its transport and metabolism, and a set of genes unrelated to glucose metabolism.