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Cover photograph (Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Phylogeny of Helicobacter pylori insertion sequence element IS607, showing geographic clustering. Parallel evolutionary histories of IS605, IS607, and H. pylori populations and adaptive evolution of IS element genes suggested IS-H. pylori coevolution. A contrasting higher sequence homogeneity, lack of geographic clustering, and rarity in east Asian populations of the related ISHp609 element suggested recent invasion and rapid spread in H. pylori gene pools. Understanding the dynamics of these IS elements and when and how they affect bacterial fitness should provide new insights into mechanisms of colonization and virulence and genome evolution of this gastric pathogen. (See related articles on pages 7508 and 7521.)
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