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MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AND INTERACTIONS

Spatial Periodicity of Escherichia coli K-12 Biofilm Microstructure Initiates during a Reversible, Polar Attachment Phase of Development and Requires the Polysaccharide Adhesin PGA

Konstantin Agladze, Xin Wang, Tony Romeo
Konstantin Agladze
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Xin Wang
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Tony Romeo
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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  • For correspondence: romeo@microbio.emory.edu
DOI: 10.1128/JB.187.24.8237-8246.2005
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ABSTRACT

Using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, we previously observed that cells within Escherichia coli biofilm are organized in nonrandom or periodic spatial patterns (K. Agladze et al., J. Bacteriol. 185:5632-5638, 2003). Here, we developed a gravity displacement assay for examining cell adherence and used it to quantitatively monitor the formation of two distinct forms of cell attachment, temporary and permanent, during early biofilm development. Temporarily attached cells were mainly surface associated by a cell pole; permanent attachments were via the lateral cell surface. While temporary attachment precedes permanent attachment, both forms can coexist in a population. Exposure of attached cells to gravity liberated an unattached population capable of rapidly reassembling a new monolayer, composed of temporarily attached cells, and possessing periodicity. A csrA mutant, which forms biofilm more vigorously than its wild-type parent, exhibited an increased proportion of permanently attached cells and a form of attachment that was not apparent in the parent strain, permanent polar attachment. Nevertheless, it formed periodic attachment patterns. In contrast, biofilm mutants with altered lipopolysaccharide synthesis (waaG) exhibited increased cell-cell interactions, bypassed the polar attachment step, and produced FFT spectra characteristic of aperiodic cell distribution. Mutants lacking the polysaccharide adhesin β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (ΔpgaC) also exhibited aperiodic cell distribution, but without apparent cell-cell interactions, and were defective in forming permanent attachments. Thus, spatial periodicity of biofilm microstructure is genetically determined and evident during the formation of temporary cell surface attachments.

  • Copyright © 2005 American Society for Microbiology
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Spatial Periodicity of Escherichia coli K-12 Biofilm Microstructure Initiates during a Reversible, Polar Attachment Phase of Development and Requires the Polysaccharide Adhesin PGA
Konstantin Agladze, Xin Wang, Tony Romeo
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 2005, 187 (24) 8237-8246; DOI: 10.1128/JB.187.24.8237-8246.2005

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Spatial Periodicity of Escherichia coli K-12 Biofilm Microstructure Initiates during a Reversible, Polar Attachment Phase of Development and Requires the Polysaccharide Adhesin PGA
Konstantin Agladze, Xin Wang, Tony Romeo
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 2005, 187 (24) 8237-8246; DOI: 10.1128/JB.187.24.8237-8246.2005
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KEYWORDS

Adhesins, Bacterial
bacterial adhesion
biofilms
Escherichia coli K12
Polysaccharides, Bacterial

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