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ENZYMES AND PROTEINS

Cloning of a Gene Cluster Involved in the Catabolism of p-Nitrophenol by Arthrobacter sp. Strain JS443 and Characterization of the p-Nitrophenol Monooxygenase

Lynda L. Perry, Gerben J. Zylstra
Lynda L. Perry
Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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  • For correspondence: llperry@purdue.edu
Gerben J. Zylstra
Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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DOI: 10.1128/JB.01849-06
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ABSTRACT

The npd gene cluster, which encodes the enzymes of a p-nitrophenol catabolic pathway from Arthrobacter sp. strain JS443, was cloned and sequenced. Three genes, npdB, npdA1, and npdA2, were independently expressed in Escherichia coli in order to confirm the identities of their gene products. NpdA2 is a p-nitrophenol monooxygenase belonging to the two-component flavin-diffusible monooxygenase family of reduced flavin-dependent monooxygenases. NpdA1 is an NADH-dependent flavin reductase, and NpdB is a hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase. The npd gene cluster also includes a putative maleylacetate reductase gene, npdC. In an in vitro assay containing NpdA2, an E. coli lysate transforms p-nitrophenol stoichiometrically to hydroquinone and hydroxyquinol. It was concluded that the p-nitrophenol catabolic pathway in JS443 most likely begins with a two-step transformation of p-nitrophenol to hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, catalyzed by NpdA2. Hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone is reduced to hydroxyquinol, which is degraded through the hydroxyquinol ortho cleavage pathway. The hydroquinone detected in vitro is a dead-end product most likely resulting from chemical or enzymatic reduction of the hypothetical intermediate 1,4-benzoquinone. NpdA2 hydroxylates a broad range of chloro- and nitro-substituted phenols, resorcinols, and catechols. Only p-nitro- or p-chloro-substituted phenols are hydroxylated twice. Other substrates are hydroxylated once, always at a position para to a hydroxyl group.

  • Copyright © 2007 American Society for Microbiology
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Cloning of a Gene Cluster Involved in the Catabolism of p-Nitrophenol by Arthrobacter sp. Strain JS443 and Characterization of the p-Nitrophenol Monooxygenase
Lynda L. Perry, Gerben J. Zylstra
Journal of Bacteriology Oct 2007, 189 (21) 7563-7572; DOI: 10.1128/JB.01849-06

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Cloning of a Gene Cluster Involved in the Catabolism of p-Nitrophenol by Arthrobacter sp. Strain JS443 and Characterization of the p-Nitrophenol Monooxygenase
Lynda L. Perry, Gerben J. Zylstra
Journal of Bacteriology Oct 2007, 189 (21) 7563-7572; DOI: 10.1128/JB.01849-06
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KEYWORDS

Arthrobacter
Genes, Bacterial
Multigene Family
Nitrophenols
Oxygenases

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