Table of Contents
Editorial
- EditorialASM Vibrio2017 Conference Special Issue
Spotlight
Meeting Reviews
- Meeting ReviewPhotobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, a Generalist Pathogen with Unique Virulence Factors and High Genetic Diversity
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae causes vibriosis in a variety of marine animals, including fish species of importance in aquaculture.
- Meeting Reviewd-Fining DarR, a LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator That Responds to d-Aspartate
Work by Jones et al. (R. M. Jones, Jr., D. L. Popham, A. L. Schmidt, E. L. Neidle, and E. V. Stabb, J Bacteriol 200:e00773-17, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00773-17) describes a d-aspartate-sensing system in proteobacteria.
- Meeting ReviewVibrio2017: the Seventh International Conference on the Biology of Vibrios
Vibrio2017, the ASM Conference on the Biology of Vibrios, was held in November 2017. The conference focused on all aspects of biology related to the bacterial genus Vibrio.
- Meeting ReviewChemotaxis Arrays in Vibrio Species and Their Intracellular Positioning by the ParC/ParP System
Most motile bacteria are able to bias their movement toward more favorable environments or to escape from obnoxious substances by a process called chemotaxis. Chemotaxis depends on a chemosensory system that is able to sense specific environmental signals and generate a behavioral response.
- Meeting ReviewEnvironmental Role of Pathogenic Traits in Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems. Some strains of V. cholerae can colonize human hosts and cause cholera, a profuse watery diarrhea.
Meeting Presentations
- Meeting PresentationTracing Genomic Divergence of Vibrio Bacteria in the Harveyi Clade
To investigate the mechanisms underlying speciation in the genus Vibrio, we provided a well-assembled reference of genomes and performed systematic genomic comparisons among three evolutionarily closely related species. We resolved taxonomic ambiguities and identified genomic features separating the three species. Based on the study results, we propose a hypothesis...
- Meeting PresentationCyclic di-GMP Positively Regulates DNA Repair in Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a prominent human pathogen that is currently causing a pandemic outbreak in Haiti, Yemen, and Ethiopia. The second messenger molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) mediates the transitions in V. cholerae between a sessile biofilm-forming state and a motile lifestyle, both of which are...
- Meeting PresentationDiscovery of Calcium as a Biofilm-Promoting Signal for Vibrio fischeri Reveals New Phenotypes and Underlying Regulatory Complexity
Biofilms, or communities of surface-attached microorganisms adherent via a matrix that typically includes polysaccharides, are highly resistant to environmental stresses and are thus problematic in the clinic and important to study. Vibrio fischeri forms biofilms to colonize its symbiotic host, making this organism useful for studying biofilms. Biofilm formation...
- Meeting PresentationEvolution of a Vegetarian Vibrio: Metabolic Specialization of Vibrio breoganii to Macroalgal Substrates
Vibrios are often considered animal specialists or generalists. Here, we show that Vibrio breoganii has undergone massive genomic changes to become specialized on algal carbohydrates. Accompanying genomic changes include massive gene import and loss. These vibrios may help us better understand how algal biomass is degraded in the environment and may serve as a...
- Meeting PresentationNtrC Adds a New Node to the Complex Regulatory Network of Biofilm Formation and vps Expression in Vibrio cholerae
Biofilms play an important role in the Vibrio cholerae life cycle, contributing to both environmental survival and transmission to a human host. Identifying key regulators of V. cholerae biofilm formation is necessary to fully understand how this important growth mode is modulated in response to...
- Meeting PresentationA Critical Region in the FlaA Flagellin Facilitates Filament Formation of the Vibrio cholerae Flagellum
V. cholerae causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. Its ability to swim is mediated by rotation of a polar flagellum, and this motility is integral to its ability to cause disease and persist in the environment. The current studies illuminate how one specific flagellin (FlaA) within a multiflagellin structure mediates formation of the flagellar filament, thus...
- Meeting PresentationNatural Transformation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a Rapid Method To Create Genetic Deletions
Spreading of vibrios throughout the world correlates with increased global temperatures. As they spread, they find new niches in which to survive, proliferate, and invade. Therefore, genetic manipulation of vibrios is of the utmost importance for studying these species. Here, we have delineated and validated a rapid method to create genetic deletions in Vibrio...
- Meeting PresentationThe Transcriptional Regulator HlyU Positively Regulates Expression of exsA, Leading to Type III Secretion System 1 Activation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Many Vibrio species are zoonotic pathogens, infecting both animals and humans, resulting in significant morbidity and, in extreme cases, mortality. While many Vibrio species virulence genes are known, their associated regulation is often modestly understood. We set out to identify genetic factors of...
- Meeting Presentation | SpotlightOuter Membrane Vesicles Facilitate Trafficking of the Hydrophobic Signaling Molecule CAI-1 between Vibrio harveyi Cells
Formation of membrane vesicles is ubiquitous among bacteria. These vesicles are involved in protein and DNA transfer and offer new approaches for vaccination. Gram-negative bacteria use hydrophobic signaling molecules, among others, for cell-cell communication; however, due to their hydrophobic character, it is unclear how these molecules are disseminated between bacterial cells. Here, we show that the marine pathogen...
- Meeting Presentation | SpotlightA Self-Assembling Whole-Cell Vaccine Antigen Presentation Platform
Diarrheal disease is the most common infection afflicting children worldwide. In resource-poor settings, these infections are correlated with cognitive delay, stunted growth, and premature death. With the development of efficacious, affordable, and easily administered vaccines, such infections could be prevented. While a major focus of research on biofilms has been their elimination, here we harness the bacterial biofilm to create a...
- Meeting PresentationMetabolic Reprogramming of Vibrio cholerae Impaired in Respiratory NADH Oxidation Is Accompanied by Increased Copper Sensitivity
The importance of the central metabolism for bacterial virulence has raised interest in studying catabolic enzymes not present in the host, such as NQR, as putative targets for antibiotics. Vibrio cholerae lacking the NQR, which is studied here, is a model to estimate the impact of specific NQR inhibitors on the phenotype of a pathogen. Our comparative proteomic study...
- Meeting PresentationVibrio fischeri DarR Directs Responses to d-Aspartate and Represents a Group of Similar LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators
d-Amino acids are prevalent in the environment and are generated by organisms from all domains of life. Although some biological roles for d-amino acids are understood, in other cases, their functions remain uncertain. Given the ubiquity of d-amino acids, it seems likely that bacteria will initiate transcriptional responses to them. Elucidating d...
- Meeting PresentationDiversity and Dynamics of the Canadian Coastal Vibrio Community: an Emerging Trend Detected in the Temperate Regions
Proliferation and abundance of the harmful biotypes of Vibrio spp. in the estuaries of Canada indicate the possibility of producing contaminated seafood for human consumption. The findings of this surveillance study may lead to awareness which may help efforts to reduce the occurrence of illnesses or outbreaks caused by...
- Meeting PresentationInfluence of Chemotaxis and Swimming Patterns on the Virulence of the Coral Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus
Corals are responsible for creating the immense structures that are essential to reef ecosystems; unfortunately, pathogens like the bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus can cause fatal infections of reef-building coral species. However, compared to related human pathogens, the mechanisms by which V....
- Meeting Presentation | SpotlightVibrio cholerae Outer Membrane Vesicles Inhibit Bacteriophage Infection
Phages have been increasingly recognized for the significance of their interactions with bacterial cells in multiple environments. Bacteria use myriad strategies to defend against phage infection, including restriction modification, abortive infection, phase variation of cell surface receptors, phage-inducible chromosomal islands, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(s) (CRISPR)-Cas systems. The data presented...
- Meeting PresentationAlternative Oxidase Activity Reduces Stress in Vibrio fischeri Cells Exposed to Nitric Oxide
Unlike typical respiratory oxidases, alternative oxidase (Aox) does not directly contribute to energy conservation, and its activity would presumably reduce the efficiency of respiration and associated ATP production. Aox has been identified in certain bacteria, a majority of which are marine associated. The presence of Aox in these bacteria poses the interesting question of how Aox function benefits bacterial growth and survival in the...
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