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Research ArticleIdentification of Uncharacterized Components of Prokaryotic Immune Systems and Their Diverse Eukaryotic ReformulationsBoth prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune systems face the dangers of premature activation of effectors and degradation of self-molecules in the absence of an invader. To mitigate this, they have evolved threshold-setting regulatory mechanisms for the triggering of effectors only upon the detection of a sufficiently strong invader signal. This work defines general templates for such regulation in effector-based immune systems. Using this,...